References
Allen, Rhonda Y W. (2003). Examining the implementation of affirmative action in law enforcement. Public Personnel Management, 411-418.
This journal article summarizes a study of police departments which have implemented an affirmative action program into their hiring
process. The Mesa, Phoenix, and Tempe police departments were looked at and the study concluded that although discrimination was not
completely eliminated in their hiring and promotional processes, that its effect was much more subtle after affirmative action was put in place.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
Baumann, Gregory C. (1996). Affirmative Action Plan Dies. Prince George’s County Fire Department Told to Amend Hiring Plan. The Daily Record, 1.
This is a short article about an attempt by a county-wide fire department to implement affirmative action, which was overturned by federal
appellate court on the basis that the program was discriminatory against Caucasians.
This article comes from a news story published in The Daily Record, which is a print newspaper in Baltimore Maryland focused on legal and
business issues with five publications per week.
This article is interesting because of the inherent hiring demands of a fire department, and the potential alteration of those demands by
affirmative action.
Dias, L. (2011) Human Resource Management, Shoreline Community College.
This textbook focuses on aspects of managing people that can pertain to everyone, not just human resource managers. Dias takes a modern
approach to hiring, training, communication and compensation of employees and engages the student in an easy to follow format.
Chapter 3 specifically addresses “Diversity and Multiculturalism”, and goes into great detail regarding the aspects of affirmative action and the
influence it can have on a workplace. This source provides a very good background by covering a broad array of material from both the public and
private sectors.
Gullett, Carlos Ray. (2000). Reverse discrimination and remedial affirmative action in employment: Dealing with the paradox of nondiscrimination.
Public Personnel Management, 107-118.
This article illustrates the complexities of implementing affirmative action in the public sector, which is governed by Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 and the United States Constitution. There have been varying interpretations of the policies set forth, depending on whether an issue is
looked at from a constitutional level or a statutory level. Various court rulings are analyzed in this text.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
Kogut, Carl A., Short, Larry E. (Fall 2007). Affirmative Action in Federal Employment: Good Intentions Run Amuck? Public Personnel Management, 197-
206.
This text is based upon a study which was done regarding affirmative action in the federal government. The study claims the federal
government has a disproportionate number of minority group members in relation to their percentages in the United States population, which
potentially has resulted in “reverse discrimination”.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
This article is interesting because the federal government appears to “practice what they preach”, but according the author and their research
this has intensified discrimination for some minority members.
Lee, R A. (1999). The Evolution of Affirmative Action. Public Personnel Management, 393-408.
This journal article reviews the changing mindset of affirmative action since its introduction in 1964 until the article was published in 1999. The
article focuses on how Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended to hire on the basis of qualifications without discrimination in regards to
race, and how the perception of affirmative action quietly changed into a situation where hiring was done almost strictly on the basis of race.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
The Evolution of Affirmative Action is a very interesting article that questions the polymorphic nature of the law.
Patterson, Orlando. (1998). Affirmative Action: What everybody hates in theory but likes in practice. The Brookings Review, 22-23.
This short article talks about the fact that although the majority of Americans feel affirmative action is unfair, they support affirmative action
programs in practice. According to the author’s research, the discrepancy elicits from improper reporting by the media and lack of a true
understanding of affirmative action by most people.
The source is from The Brookings Review, which was a journal focusing on business and economics, published from 1982 through 2003.
Soni, Vidu. (1999). Morality vs. Mandate: Affirmative action in employment. Public Personnel Management, 577-594.
This paper discusses the moral and ethical reasoning behind affirmative action. It proposes affirmative action is as much of a moral issue as it
is an issue preventing discrimination, thus exemplifying its importance.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
Allen, Rhonda Y W. (2003). Examining the implementation of affirmative action in law enforcement. Public Personnel Management, 411-418.
This journal article summarizes a study of police departments which have implemented an affirmative action program into their hiring
process. The Mesa, Phoenix, and Tempe police departments were looked at and the study concluded that although discrimination was not
completely eliminated in their hiring and promotional processes, that its effect was much more subtle after affirmative action was put in place.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
Baumann, Gregory C. (1996). Affirmative Action Plan Dies. Prince George’s County Fire Department Told to Amend Hiring Plan. The Daily Record, 1.
This is a short article about an attempt by a county-wide fire department to implement affirmative action, which was overturned by federal
appellate court on the basis that the program was discriminatory against Caucasians.
This article comes from a news story published in The Daily Record, which is a print newspaper in Baltimore Maryland focused on legal and
business issues with five publications per week.
This article is interesting because of the inherent hiring demands of a fire department, and the potential alteration of those demands by
affirmative action.
Dias, L. (2011) Human Resource Management, Shoreline Community College.
This textbook focuses on aspects of managing people that can pertain to everyone, not just human resource managers. Dias takes a modern
approach to hiring, training, communication and compensation of employees and engages the student in an easy to follow format.
Chapter 3 specifically addresses “Diversity and Multiculturalism”, and goes into great detail regarding the aspects of affirmative action and the
influence it can have on a workplace. This source provides a very good background by covering a broad array of material from both the public and
private sectors.
Gullett, Carlos Ray. (2000). Reverse discrimination and remedial affirmative action in employment: Dealing with the paradox of nondiscrimination.
Public Personnel Management, 107-118.
This article illustrates the complexities of implementing affirmative action in the public sector, which is governed by Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 and the United States Constitution. There have been varying interpretations of the policies set forth, depending on whether an issue is
looked at from a constitutional level or a statutory level. Various court rulings are analyzed in this text.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
Kogut, Carl A., Short, Larry E. (Fall 2007). Affirmative Action in Federal Employment: Good Intentions Run Amuck? Public Personnel Management, 197-
206.
This text is based upon a study which was done regarding affirmative action in the federal government. The study claims the federal
government has a disproportionate number of minority group members in relation to their percentages in the United States population, which
potentially has resulted in “reverse discrimination”.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
This article is interesting because the federal government appears to “practice what they preach”, but according the author and their research
this has intensified discrimination for some minority members.
Lee, R A. (1999). The Evolution of Affirmative Action. Public Personnel Management, 393-408.
This journal article reviews the changing mindset of affirmative action since its introduction in 1964 until the article was published in 1999. The
article focuses on how Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended to hire on the basis of qualifications without discrimination in regards to
race, and how the perception of affirmative action quietly changed into a situation where hiring was done almost strictly on the basis of race.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.
The Evolution of Affirmative Action is a very interesting article that questions the polymorphic nature of the law.
Patterson, Orlando. (1998). Affirmative Action: What everybody hates in theory but likes in practice. The Brookings Review, 22-23.
This short article talks about the fact that although the majority of Americans feel affirmative action is unfair, they support affirmative action
programs in practice. According to the author’s research, the discrepancy elicits from improper reporting by the media and lack of a true
understanding of affirmative action by most people.
The source is from The Brookings Review, which was a journal focusing on business and economics, published from 1982 through 2003.
Soni, Vidu. (1999). Morality vs. Mandate: Affirmative action in employment. Public Personnel Management, 577-594.
This paper discusses the moral and ethical reasoning behind affirmative action. It proposes affirmative action is as much of a moral issue as it
is an issue preventing discrimination, thus exemplifying its importance.
The source is Public Personnel Management, which is a journal published quarterly and aimed at human resource managers in the public
sector. Each edition of the journal is comprised of articles by the foremost experts on public administration and human resources.